Abstract: Canine Leishmaniasis diagnosis must be fast and accurate since dogs are urban reservoirs of the disease and earlier therapeutic intervention is more clinically effective. However, this still represents a challenge, particularly in low transmission areas. The present report describes the difficulties of clinical suspicion and the late diagnosis of a dog infected with Leishmania sp.

ABSTRACT Giardia duodenalis is a worldwide intestinal parasite and is one of the most frequent protozoa species infecting dogs and cats. This study aimed to modify the methodology of Alere GIARDIA Ag TEST KIT for its use in frozen fecal sediments with different storage times in a freezer (-20°C), thus expanding the range of use of this methodology. One hundred fecal sediments from dogs (n=50) and cats (n=50) previously examined by optical microscopy for Giardia cysts were selected for this study. The agreement between the modified immunochromatography and microscopy results was calculated by Kappa coefficient. To evaluate the performance of the modified immunochromatography assay on samples with different storage time, the fecal sediments were divided into three groups according to the time of storage in a freezer: (a) ≤ 1 year (n=37); (b) > 1 year and ≤ 3 years (n=39); (c) > 10 years (max. 13 years) (n=24). The results obtained by the modified immunochromatography assay demonstrates a higher sensitivity of this technique when compared with microscopy, regardless of the frozen storage time. These results allow for the use of this methodology in a greater scope of analysis, especially in frozen fecal sediment triage in sample collections, enabling epidemiological and comparative analysis along different decades.

RESUMO: A região do Triângulo Mineiro, no estado de Minas Gerais, é uma importante região exportadora de carne do Brasil e pesquisas sobre a infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em suínos criados e abatidos nesta região são escassos. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a ocorrência de T. gondii nesses animais e estabelecer os fatores de risco associados com a infecção. Foram coletadas amostras de 600 suínos criados sob sistema intensivo, em fazendas localizadas em três municípios diferentes (Carmo do Paranaíba, Patrocínio e Perdizes). As amostras foram submetidas à Hemaglutinação Indireta com diluição de 1:32 e à Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta com ponto de corte 1:64. A ocorrência de suínos positivos foi de 3,3% (n=20) e 51,8% (n=311), respectivamente. Foi observada diferença significativa entre a infecção toxoplásmica e fatores como linhagem, procedência dos animais, tamanho das propriedades, criação em conjunto com outras espécies, presença de roedores e tipo de água consumida (p≤0,05). Não houve diferenças estatísticas entre o sexo e finalidade de produção em relação à infecção por T. gondii. Os resultados demonstraram uma ocorrência de anticorpos anti-T. gondii superior à esperada em criações intensivas de suínos na região estudada, o que poderia indicar uma possível falha no manejo sanitário das propriedades estudadas. Melhorias nas técnicas de criação são necessárias para redução das fontes de infecção por T. gondii nos rebanhos.

ABSTRACT: The Triângulo Mineiro region from Minas Gerais state, is an important meat-exporting region of Brazil and data about Toxoplasma gondii infection in pigs raised and slaughtered in this area are scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of T. gondii in swine and establish the risk factors associated with the infection. Samples were collected from 600 pigs raised under intensive system in farms located at three different counties (Carmo do Paranaíba, Patrocínio and Perdizes). The samples were submitted to indirect hemagglutination antibody test with dilution of 1:32 and to indirect immunofluorescence antibody test with a cutoff of 1:64. The occurrence of positive pig was 3.3% (n=20) and 51.8% (n=311) respectively. A significant difference was observed between toxoplasmatic infection and factors such as lineage, animal origin, size of the farm, collective raising with others species, presence of rodents and type of water offered (p≤0.05). There was no difference between gender and the farm goals. The results demonstrated an occurrence of anti-T.gondii antibodies higher than expected for intensive pig raising system on the studied area, which could indicate a possible sanitary management problem on the studied proprieties. Improvements on the raising techniques are necessary to reduce T. gondii infection sources.